Why Fear National ID Cards?

Included in 2001 in the New York Times Alan Dershowitz’s article â€Å"Why Fear National ID Cards? † presents the possibility of a National ID Card framework being put to use in the United States. The thinking behind such a thought is this, with the penance of a portion of the individual’s protection a more noteworthy degree of security, balance, and efficiency can be accomplished while disposing of a portion of the obtuse and wasteful strategies for distinguishing proof we use today.A National ID Card comprising of a name, address, photograph and unique mark print would be the principal national uniform ID that would supplant the high number varieties of recognizable proof that are given state by state. This would radically diminish the odds of phony by the utilization of a bound together framework and exacting methods for circulation. An increasingly far reaching ID will take into consideration quickened hold up times at high security areas, for example, air te rminals, and for the individuals who decay to show such an ID would be exposed to assist security measures.The rules in which individuals are required acquire or present ID would continue as before this takes into account leftovers of the old strategy to stay as a result and further safe monitors the residents from a potential over venturing government. An increasingly extreme strategy or measures change could prompt a maltreatment of intensity or kick off comparative non-famous approaches to be followed up on. It would likewise empower the pace of extradition of illicit migrants to increment alongside giving a superior way to lawful outsiders to show their status to authorities.â€Å"Rights are an element of experience, and our ongoing encounters encourage that it is extremely simple to be unknown †even to make a bogus character †in this huge and decentralized country† (Barnet and Bedau). This message understood straightforwardly from the article places into point of view the genuine danger of the psychological oppression. Fear monger cover up in the midst of the overall population, this is a concerning reality. No framework can forestall all demonstrations of dread however a National ID card with an installed comparing unique mark can decrease the reasonable hood of the formation of bogus personalities and catch the individuals who are utilizing the shortcomings of the current framework to sneak past unnoticed.Alan Dershowitz’s stresses the significance of the end of the current pattern of racial and ethnic generalizing that goes about as a countermeasure for potential dangers to security. Improving common freedoms for these focused on bunches is accomplished by taking out the need to focus on these gatherings when all is said in done. By using safety efforts, for example, criminal-history recovery frameworks and a comparing unique mark on the card itself we can expel the explanation behind profiling people because of their appearance alone.

Bus 630 Week 1 Discussion

BUS630 WEEK 1 Ashford University MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING: This week understudies will: 1. Clarify the essential moral obligations of the administration bookkeeper. 2. Delineate the key standards of administrative bookkeeping including cost ideas. 3. Recognize the conduct of variable and fixed expense. 4. Clarify the centrality of cost conduct to dynamic and control. 5. Decide the fundamental deals in unit and dollars to equal the initial investment or accomplish wanted benefit utilizing the make back the initial investment recipe. Money related VS MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING-Financial bookkeeping is the part of bookkeeping that sorts out bookkeeping data for introduction to invested individuals outside of the association. The essential money related bookkeeping reports are the accounting report (regularly called an announcement of budgetary position), the salary proclamation, and the announcement of incomes. The accounting report is a rundown of benefits, liabilities, and shareholdersâ€℠¢ value at a predetermined point in time. The salary proclamation reports incomes and costs coming about because of the company’s tasks for a specific time period.The articulation of incomes shows the sources and employments of money over a timespan for working, contributing, and financing exercises. Administrative bookkeeping is the part of bookkeeping that meets managers’ data needs. Since administrative bookkeeping is intended to help the firm’s administrators in settling on business choices, moderately scarcely any limitations are forced by administrative bodies and proper accounting rules. Along these lines, a chief must characterize which information are pertinent for a specific reason and which are definitely not. In administrative bookkeeping, in any case, the section is of significant importance.Segments might be items, ventures, divisions, plants, branches, areas, or some other subset of the business. Following or apportioning costs, incomes, and advan tages for fragments makes troublesome issues for administrative bookkeepers. Two significant likenesses do exist. The exchange and bookkeeping data frameworks talked about before are utilized to produce the information contributions for both budget summaries and the executives reports. Along these lines, when the framework aggregates and orders data, it ought to do as such in positions that suit the two sorts of accounting.Discuss a potential negative administrative situation that the provincial supervisor might be detecting. The Regional Manager is sorting out patterns and variations from the norm so as to foresee the not so distant eventual fate of store #9. Initially, we confirm that store 9 run by a powerful administrator with an effective reputation. In any case, the absence of interest in preparing signals an endeavor to slice overhead cost so as to show a bigger store benefit. Cutting representative preparing might be a viable instrument for the present moment yet may make is sues later on. Also, we see that the Store has chosen to pull back from a few expensive, yet high perceivability events.Again, this might be a decrease in factor cost so as to lessen store overhead for the time being and increment benefit. The Regional Manager’s concern is that the whole organization benefits from these network occasions, not simply the single store, and in this way, the effect might be negative to deals in various regions. Ultimately, we see that store #6 has expanded its working expenses since the head supervisor being referred to left. This signals an issue reliable with the worries over that this chief just expects to decrease overhead as low as conceivable so as to expand the general store profit.Might the supervisor of Store 9 be an outstanding director? In spite of the fact that on a superficial level, the three patterns above may seem, by all accounts, to be negative; this head supervisor may in certainty be a compelling chief. For instance: Perhaps a s opposed to representing the trainee’s hours as overhead in preparing costs, he has set that person in a place to learn-at work, subsequently, making the employee’s working hours into an immediate work cost and limiting overhead. With regards to promoting, we saw the administrator burned through the vast majority of his publicizing dollars from the get-go in the year.It might be conceivable that the chief chosen to spend his variable cost promoting dollars during a timeframe where they would create the most deals, and afterward tightened his publicizing dollars during a timespan of consistent business stream. In conclusion, the undoing of high perceivability occasions may have been because of the assurance that cost was not yielding significant deals or perceivability. In spite of this reality, it makes sense that a head supervisor would advise a territorial director regarding any decisions having a more extensive effect on the general company.If there was an absence of correspondence here, I trust it is to the burden of the store manager’s believability. What are the moral ramifications of the situation? Variable Cost characterizes the expense of a solitary gathered item dependent on the materials expended and work put straightforwardly in unit creation. To outline our point, we can say that making a solitary prepared potato with the entirety of the fixings will cost $3. 00 to deliver (potato, sharp cream, chives, plate, fork, napkin and work). On the off chance that we choose to go into the prepared potato business, we should then sell these potatoes for at any rate $3. 00 for each unit.Any less would make us lose cash on the undertaking. This expense can't be made up by expanding volume of deals. Judy Koch talked about the way that mass buys can profit you diminish these variable expenses. On the off chance that we chose to buy potato-production materials in bigger amounts and recruited more laborers to create these items, we could the n deliver our item for a lower Variable Cost dependent on the new cost. Fixed cost will continue as before regardless of how our potato shop does. For instance, our potato café rental costs will be a similar whether we sell one hundred potatoes or zero potatoes for each month.The power, the warming expenses, the manager’s compensation. These variables will remain steady regardless of what number of units we sell. Judy Koch’s proclamation is regarding the way that these expenses are without a doubt variable, in any case, they don't differ per unit sold. We can choose to redesign our fruitful café and pay higher rental charges, the legislature can expand our duty risk and we can employ greater administration. None of these costs will increment in the event that we sell more potatoes. They are free of unit deals.

Analyzing Student Essay Samples

Analyzing Student Essay SamplesThe AP Lang analysis essay is very similar to the AP writing practice test. The results from the essay are compared with the sample essays that students have studied during the AP English Language. The essay test uses simple sentence construction and sentence phrasing and it's for students who have not yet been tested on style of English grammar. Students have to express their own views and thoughts on issues.For the AP analysis essay, students must study different types of sentences and concepts. They are made to analyze a wide range of topics such as work, home, family, relationships, society, religion, government, politics, education, culture, and many more. All these topics are analyzed in a discussion section of an essay.A lot of research has been done to make the essay test easy and interesting. Most of the questions will ask students to compose an argument and complete a point using the right structure. It is also a part of the essay tests that t he students need to highlight some key points and make a conclusion.The essays are written at a different time limit is used in the essay. The different section of the essay tests different areas of an essay topic. Students have to be prepared with every kind of essay test that comes their way.The students who do not pass the essay test will be given a separate essay for an individual analysis. They will be able to read a variety of samples and write a detailed essay based on the samples that they have studied. Every student is given a list of samples for them to choose from.They are also given hints and tips on how to structure an essay and how to use the structure effectively in a real world. With some help from their fellow students, the students are able to write a successful essay. After reading the sample essays, students have to prepare the essay to give a good representation of their own ideas.Some of the questions in the student analysis essay are very difficult and some ar e easy. One important question in the essay tests students' ability to analyze how things work in the real world. There are a lot of aspects to be covered in an essay such as history, culture, and society. With a full understanding of the various issues in each section, students are able to write an essay of their own and answer questions on it.It is always wise to take a look at AP essay test before a final review. With a little time and effort, students can give a great presentation in an essay. They can decide which essay test they will be given and prepare themselves accordingly.

Marketing Concept Of Customer Generating Marketing

Customer generating marketing has become very popular nowadays given the explosion in digital and social media. Engaging customers on a more personal interactive level is key to your bottom line. The marketing concept suggests that company strategies should revolve around creating customer value by engaging customers and building profitable relationships. In order for your company to be successful, all members of the company must participate in marketing, not just the marketing department. They must want to create value for the customer in order to engage them. It is a team effort. That is why it is important to understand marketing and how you play a role or fit in it. A value delivery network is key to delivering customer value. Suppliers, distributors, employees, and customers must work together closely to improve the performance of the entire system. Developing differentiation in the market contributes in creating superior customer value in order to capture value in return. Companies that understand their brand and communicate it well to their targeted audience are going to achieve success. As consumers change, companies must change with them. If they fail to adapt, it is a good chance they will be left behind. T-Mobile is a good illustration of creating differentiation and adapting to consumer changes in the market. Cellular customers have become tired of being locked into two year agreements with their cellular providers. They wanted to have the freedom of switchingShow MoreRelatedNew Product Development Of New Products Essay1341 Words   |  6 Pagesbe purchased by a company’s customers and has the potential to create new customers or to enter a new market. New products have been successful because a company identified a need in the market. However, this process may lead to additional costs, and time consuming activity for a company’s personnel. A company should ask if the risk will outweigh the rewards. 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European Journal of Marketing, 2000, Vol. 34 Issue 7, p797, 19p; (AN 3497728) Synopsis This report is based on the notions of relationship marketing relative to consumer markets This journal article (â€Å"Relationship Marketing in Consumer Markets: Rhetorical or Reality†)- focuses on the different aspects of relationship marketing and its effects on the business to consumerRead MoreMarketing and Activity1429 Words   |  6 PagesRevision for marketing: Topics 1 Activity 1.1 Why is understanding customers wants so critical for marketers? How are the concepts of value and satisfaction related to each other? Explain the differences between transactions and relationships. Activity 1.2 Now apply the issue discussed in Activity 1.1 to the following questions. Consumers usually choose from a tremendous variety of products and services to satisfy a given need or want. Consider your need for nourishment. 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Then, the forces of globalizationRead MoreExperiential Marketing : Importance, Strategic Issues And Its Impact Essay1657 Words   |  7 PagesA study on Experiential Marketing: Importance, Strategic Issues and its Impact â€Å"I have learned that people will forget what you said ,people will forget what you did , but people will never forget how you made them feel†. –Maya Angelou Introduction Rapidly growing consumer market and their cynical towards advertising give new challenge to marketer to find new ways to capture the attention of their audience.The omnipresence of IT , Supremacy of Brand and ubiquity of communication and entertainmentRead MoreMarketing As A One Dimensional Discipline1323 Words   |  6 PagesAMA (American marketing association), marketing is an activity that can leads to creation, delivery as well as exchange of products and services that are available to consumers and society at large (AMA,2016). 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The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Characters Huck and Jim - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 978 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/05/18 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Huckleberry Finn Essay Mark Twain Essay Did you like this example? The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884) by Mark twain, one of the greatest American authors of all time and a humorist, was set in the town of St. Petersburg, Missouri. Not to mention that Twain was born in Florida, a small village in Missouri, through this novel he directly attacked the traditions of the south held during the time. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Characters Huck and Jim" essay for you Create order The Huckleberry Finn starts with familiarizing us with events of the novel that preceded it i.e. The Adventure of Tom sawyer. At the end of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn, a poor boy with a drunken bum for a father, and his friend Tom Sawyer, a middle-class boy with an imagination too active for his own good, found a robbers stash of gold. As a result of his adventure, Huck gained quite a bit of money, which Judge Thatcher held for him in trust. Huck was adopted by the Widow Douglas, a kind but stifling woman who lives with her sister, the self-righteous Miss Watson. However, Huck being dissatisfied with his new civilized life of church and school tries to run away but his friend Tom convinces him to stay put so that he could join Toms new robbers gang along with the other local boys. Everything was going perfect in Hucks life until his drunkard father Pap reappears and demands his custody and the money. The Judge thatcher and the Widow try to gain court custody of Huck, but a new judge in town refuses to separate Huck from his father. Pap steals Huck away from the Widows house and takes him to a log cabin. At first Huck enjoys the cabin life, but after receiving frequent beatings, he decides to escape. When Pap goes into town, Huck seizes the opportunity. He seeks his way out of the log cabin, kills a pig, spreads the blood as if it were his own, takes a canoe, and floats downstream to Jacksons Island. There he met Miss Watsons runaway slave Jim. Huck and Jim soon learn that men are coming to search Jacksons Island, and the two fugitives escape down the river on a raft. Jims plan is to reach the Illinois town of Cairo, and from there, he can take the Ohio River up to the free states. The plan troubles Huck and his conscience. However, Huck continues to stay with Jim as they travel, despite his belief that he is breaking all of society and religions tenets. Hucks struggle with the concept of slavery and Jims freedom continues throughout the novel. Huck and Jim encounter several characters during their flight, including a band of robbers aboard a wrecked steamboat and two Southern genteel families who are involved in a bloody feud. The only time that Huck and Jim feel that they are truly free is when they are aboard the raft. This freedom and tranquility are shattered by the arrival of the duke and the king, who commandeer the raft and force Huck and Jim to stop at various river towns in order to perform confidence scams on the inhabitants. The scams are harmless until the duke and the king pose as English brothers and plot to steal a familys entire inheritance. Before the duke and the king can complete their plan, the real brothers arrive. In the subsequent confusion, Huck and Jim escape and are soon joined by the duke and the king. Disappointed at their lack of income, the duke and the king betray Huck and Jim, and sell Jim back into slavery. When Huck goes to find Jim, he discovers that Jim is being held captive on Silas and Sally Phelps farm. The Phelps think Huck is their visiting nephew, Tom Sawyer, and Huck easily falls into the role of Tom. Tom Sawyer soon arrives and, after Huck explains Jims captivity, Tom takes on the guise of his own brother, Sid. After dismissing Hucks practical method of escape, Tom suggests they invent an elaborate plan to free Jim. Toms plan is haphazardly based on several of the prison and adventure novels he has read, and the simple act of freeing Jim becomes a complicated circus with rope ladders, snakes, and mysterious messages. When the escape finally takes place, a pursuing farmer shoots Tom in the calf. Because Jim will not leave the injured Tom, Jim is again recaptured and taken back to the Phelps farm. At the farm, Tom reveals the entire scheme to Aunt Sally and Uncle Silas. Readers learn that Miss Watson has passed away and freed Jim in her will, and Tom has been aware of Jims freedom the entire time. At the end of the novel, Jim is finally set free and Huck ponders his next adventure away from civilization. The entire novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is written in the first person and narrated by Huckleberry Huck Finn. Twain uses dialect English throughout the novel which helped to create Hucks Characterization. I also think that it gave the novel an authentic, period feel and helped to create a sense of place as well. I thought the characterization was very good in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Huck is very real throughout the novel. The other main character is Jim, a black slave Huck escapes his father and goes on the run. Jims characterization comes through Hucks eyes and I think Twain did a really good job to put it together. There has been critics about the novel such as Twain use of the Nigger and Jim being characterized as a comic clown. I completely disagree with this criticism. Since The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn was written in 1844 and was set between the time period before that the use of the word nigger to describe slaves like Jim is probably quite realisti c. Huck is no great thinker and is a bit simple. His impression of Jim is realistic.

Essay On Caffeine - 1454 Words

However people with previous issues such as medical things, could pose a not so good problem for those people; Some with anxiety issues could make that problem for them worse. It is advised if the person does have this issue to use caffeine very carefully. There are many diseases that could possible get worse with the use of caffeine. Bipolar, Bleeding disorders, heart conditions, diabetes, diarrhea, epilepsy, glaucoma, osteoporosis, these are all diseases that could possibly be worsened by the use of caffeine or products with. In young adults drinking 4 or more cups of coffee significantly could risk heart attack and death. Coffee could stain someone’s teeth, it is also acidic so it can break down someones teeth and cause decay;†¦show more content†¦It may be okay for adults but children should really limit or not drink it. (Caffeine Uses and Side Effects) Likewise caffeine is a stimulant that falls under the methylxanthine class, which is a psychoactive drug and can be very dangerous. Since caffeine lies in the system for four to six hours, it is very easy to overdo the recommended intake. Common effects of caffeine overdose is feeling more anxious and increased anxiety. Recommendations for moderate consumption is around 3000 to 400 mg; this equals about three or four cups of coffee. A dose of as small as 500 mg and up could cause symptoms of overdose. However tragic does are 10 grams or roughly 50 to 100 cups of beverages containing caffeine. (Is caffeine really addictive?) Meanwhile some say caffeine makes the world go round. For students, caffeine is often a necessity and is widely available in the form of coffee, tea, energy drinks and more. The lack of dangerous side effects and the increased cognitive â€Å"boost† caffeine provides can be enticing. Many students believe the benefits of drinking caffeinated beverages certainly outweigh the risks. However, keep in mind a few things before indulging; caffeine stimulates the central nervous system, just like Adderall and amphetamines. (Caffeine: How much is too much?) While caffeine use does not pose the same negative health consequences of some stimulants, caffeine withdrawal, dependence and toxicity doShow MoreRelatedEssay On Caffeine1032 Words   |  5 Pages Have you ever drank a cola or any type of soda? Have you read or heard about the main ingredient including caffeine? Well caffeine is a bitter powder like substance thats very unhealthy and healthy in the same cause. Caffeine can lead to heart attacks but if taken in the right amount can help with long days at work. Caffeine is in items such as Coca-Cola, mountain dew, coffee etc. all sodas and caffeinated drinks can lead to serious heart failure, heart attacks, insomnia, mood drops and can evenRead MoreEssay On Caffeine921 Words   |  4 Pageswhat you’re doing to your body. Caffeine is this amazing thing that has been around forever. Even when we did not use it, it was used by plants as a defense mechanism. To fight the battle against insects, plants developed the caffeine that we all love and cherish today. It was developed on the Arabic Peninsula around 1000 AD into coffee. And then evolved into what we know today. But other than its history, caffeine has different effects with everybody. Caffeine is also a neuro-stimulant, which meansRead MoreEssay On Caffeine1129 Words   |  5 PagesCaffeine is a widely used substance that is known to provide wakefulness and allow for better concentration in the workspace or classroom. SYMPTOMS OF INGESTING CAFFEINE Caffeine is absorbed within the gastrointestinal tract and within 30 to 60 minutes’ maximum levels of caffeine are in your blood stream and symptoms can last for up to 12 hours (Thein, L. A., 1995). Since caffeine increases your metabolic rate and it also increases oxygen consummation it can increase heat production within yourRead MoreEssay On Caffeine975 Words   |  4 Pagesbeverages is caffeine. Caffeine is something most people overlook in their daily lives and can be harmful if taken too much. Typically, the majority of not only adults, but more recently a growing number of teenagers, rely on their daily dose of caffeine to get them through the day in hopes to not get a sense of fatigue. â€Å"Eighty three percent of adults can’t imagine life without their favorite cup of java.† (Healthy Living). The main question consumers ask themselves is whether or not the caffeine they areRead MoreEssay On Caffeine1328 Words   |  6 Pages Today how many people drink caffeine daily and do not realize the harmful effects of doing so? Caffeine is found in many common drinks consumed by both adults and children on a daily basis. People are not concerned with the impact of caffeine on their bodies. Caffeine is addictive and the brain will become dependent on it to keep the mind awake. Caffeine keeps the body from falling asleep by blocking the adenosine receptors; adenosine is what makes the person sleepy. Caffeinated drinks are especiallyRead MoreEssay On Caffeine1263 Words   |  6 Pages28 May 2017 Caffeine Is A Killer Caffeine is the most utilized and popular nervous system stimulant, but it is legal and unregulated all across the world; however, the question is, should it be regulated because of the consequences that come along with it? Caffeine is killing people with how high the consumption rate has gone up; â€Å"about 83% of adults drink coffee in the U.S.† (Coffee grinds US for the nation, KAren Fernau). Because of how much people are taking advantage of caffeine to get throughRead MoreCaffeine Essay867 Words   |  4 Pagesimprove your memory because of a drug called caffeine. Caffeine is contained in many different kinds of foods and drinks like coffee, chocolate and tea. It is a legal drug that consumed worldwide. Its function is to stimulate the central nervous system associated with brain function that affects mental performance especially alertness, attention and concentration. Theobromine is an active ingredient of chocolate that is found in cocoa. Theobromine and caffeine ar e related and have similar structures.Read MoreEssay On Caffeine1241 Words   |  5 PagesCaffeine By: Latasha Betsoi 7B †¢ What are the risks of mixing caffeine and alcohol? ‘’When alcohol is mixed with caffeine, the caffeine can mask the depressant effects of alcohol, making drinkers feel more alert than they would otherwise. While mixing caffeine and alcohol is increases your energy and it can mask the effects of alcohol.† Site: www.cdc.gov/alcohol and www.healthline.com †¢ What are the harmful and beneficial effects of caffeine? â€Å"Caffeine acts as a central nervous systemRead MoreEssay On Caffeine1006 Words   |  5 Pagesvitality. Even though coffee is the most prominent, caffeine can also be found inside sodas, teas, and even energy drinks. Caffeine is a psychoactive drug that stimulates the central nervous system. A typical cup of coffee encompasses about ninety-five milligrams of caffeine. Studies have been performed to observe the effects of caffeine and how it effects so many individuals. For an instance, some studies have discovered that the effects of caffeine may be different for some individuals dependingRead MoreEssay about The Effects of Caffeine870 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Caffeine Works Cited Not Included Caffeine has played a central role in many cultures. Coffee was first discovered over 1000 years ago, and approximately 75% of Americans drink coffee on a regular basis. Despite the thousand years that have passed, there is still controversy surrounding the biological effects of coffee and its primary active ingredient, caffeine. Caffeine

Explore the ways Dickens uses places and atmosphere in Great Expectations Essay Example For Students

Explore the ways Dickens uses places and atmosphere in Great Expectations Essay Dickens wrote Great Expectations in 1860. It is now well renowned for being a dark, atmospheric novel, set in 19th Century Victorian England. Charles Dickens is widely known today for the success of his novels, and his excellence in using fictional, atmospheric places in Great Expectations to reflect the minds of characters and to explore significant themes, such as class, crime, and love. Dickens uses symbolic description to convey messages about these themes, thus creating appropriate atmospheres for the characters. Dickens prepares the reader for the grimness of the novel as a whole by introducing melancholic places using literary devices. For example, the Kent marshes in Chapter 1, where Dickens uses symbols, personification, emotive imagery, and repetition in his description. Dickens opens Chapter 1 by using the setting of a churchyard to create an eerie mood. He describes the churchyard as bleak and overgrown, stressing the grimness and the isolation of the churchyard during Pips encounter with Magwitch. Dickens also uses emotive imagery of Pips family gravestones. He stresses that all Pip has as a memory of his parents and his five brothers is the inscriptions carved on the family gravestones which Pip imagines as their actual appearances. Pip imagines his father as stout with curly black hair, his mother freckled, and his five brothers being the shape of their lozenges with their hands in their trousers-pockets. This emotionally moves the reader, thereby creating sympathy for Pip right from the beginning, introducing the misery of the novel as a whole through the gloominess of the churchyard, the deathly tone preparing us for the theme of loss throughout the novel. Dickens uses repetition of nettles and tombstones to perhaps suggest that the churchyard is a place of pain and death. This emphasises the sinister mood of Pips encounter with Magwitch by creating anxiety in the reader. Dickens also refers to the temperature being raw. He mentions that the afternoon was heading towards evening, suggesting that it was cold and fairly dark in the churchyard at the time, the darkness symbolising mystery and the unknown, adding to the vivid apprehensive atmosphere. Dickens stresses a fearful tone throughout Chapter 1, using words such as dead, black and gibbet, representing death, violence and crime. The repetition of dead and buried also creates a grim, dark and deathly mood. He describes Pip as a small bundle of shivers and emphasises the whole setting as appearing threatening to Pip by stressing the imagery of the aggressive sea, the comparison of the wind rushing to a predator, and the personification of the red sky being angry, again suggesting violence and death contributing to the ominous atmosphere. In Chapter 1, Dickens uses the pathetic fallacy to show characterisation, reflecting the minds of both Pip and Magwitch by creating a sinister atmosphere. Pips name suggests that like a seed, he is small, young and vulnerable, and will take a journey to grow into manhood. During Pips encounter with Magwitch, an apprehensive atmosphere helps Dickens to portray Pip as being easily intimidated and weak by emphasising Pips vulnerability. Magwitch is described as a fearful man; Dickens presents Magwitch with the repulsive appearance of a stereotypical convict. He includes details such as Magwitch having broken shoes and not wearing a hat, only a rag tied round his head to hint to the reader that there is something peculiar and rough about him, as he is not following the typical Victorian style of middle-class dress. An ominous tone helps Dickens to portray Magwitch as being threatening and powerful by emphasising his abusive and dominating behaviour towards Pip. However, Dickens hints that on the inside, Magwitch is not an all-bad person. Like Pip, Magwitch is presented as a victim suffering pain. To add tension, Dickens uses long, dramatic sentences to portray Magwitchs long, traumatic, desperate journey of running. Magwitch also throws out a long line of threats at Pip, emphasising his panic and agitation. His desperation for food is shown when he tries to go as far as to scare Pip, a young child, with another imaginary criminal. Dickens also uses the repetition of limped and uses words such as cut, torn and shuddering portraying Magwitchs suffering. Dickens uses the ominous tone of Chapter 1 to express his outlook on the typical morals and philosophy in Victorian England and to explore themes that he later covers, such as childhood, crime, and class. Dickens portrays childhood as being a strong influence on the characters later on in life. He uses Pip in Chapter 1 to show this. Pip had a very unhappy, tragic childhood, mourning over his family and lacking love. Dickens suggests that this guided him to his dark, dreary, and lonely imagination in the churchyard on the evening of his encounter with Magwitch. Pip imagines dead people, stretching up cautiously out of their graves, and Magwitch limping as though he were the pirate come to life, going to hook himself back on the gibbet again. Pip frightens himself with his own twisted imagination, causing the reader to feel sympathy towards him. Crime, punishment and justice are important issues raised by Dickens in this novel. Dickens uses Magwitch in Chapter 1 to represent the theme of crime. Magwitch is an escaped convict, which Dickens emphasises by the description of the iron chained to his leg. Magwitch threatens, assaults and intimidates Pip using aggressive behaviour. He incites Pip to crime, telling him to steal and invents another imaginary criminal to scare Pip furthermore. This stresses Dickenss disapproval of crime and criminals. In Chapter 1, Dickens also covers the major theme of class and snobbery in Victorian England, which he uses both Pip and Magwitch to represent. Dickens portrays the working-class as good people, and therefore rewards them later on in the novel. For example, Pip in Chapter 1 is a young and innocent child deprived of love and family, but is later rewarded with happiness. Dickens shows the working-class to be unfairly treated as a result of snobbery. A Womans Aspiration For Freedom Essay - The Story Of An HourThis adds to the tension for the reader, again creating anxiety and sympathy for not only Pip, but also Estella. Dickens uses the ominous tone of Chapters 8 and 11 to show characterisation, reflecting the minds of Pip and Estella as well as Miss Havisham. Pip is again revealed in these Chapters to let his dark imagination take over when he sees Miss Havisham as a figure that emerges hanging by the neck and then suddenly disappears, suggesting that she wasnt there in the first place. By this, his mind is again suggested to be grim, referring back to his tragic childhood in Chapter 1. Similarly, Estella is presented as being damaged, however, as a result of being brought up by Miss Havisham, who is damaged herself, and thus damaging. Estellas relationship with Miss Havisham is presented as disfunctional. Dickens uses the rest of the novel to convey the moral that children need to be guided by role models. He shows this idea by Pip finally reaching his Great Expectations through hard work and having been guided by Joe, whereas, Estella had nobody except Miss Havisham to guide her. Estella is married to a violent man as a result, and pays for the emotional crime that she had put Pip through, which Miss Havisham had forced her to. In Chapters 8 and 11, Dickens explores the main themes of money and love. Dickens names Miss Havishams house, Satis House, using the word Satis meaning enough, as a symbol that Miss Havisham has more than enough money. Dickens strongly links the theme of money with love and happiness in these Chapters. The portrayal of Satis House is that although it is grand, it holds no love or happiness, which Dickens presents by using the idea that Miss Havisham is with money, but without love; the moral being that money doesnt guarantee happiness. Later on in the novel, Pip also represents this moral as his Great Expectations do not gain him Estella. In contrast to the other atmospheric places, Dickens portrays Wemmicks castle in Chapter 25 as a peculiar, ironic, mad house using vivid, emotive imagery and irony. He describes it as a little wooden cottage and Pips opinion of the castle as small with queer, gothic windows and a small, gothic door. The castle is also conveyed as secluded with a drawbridge that when hoisted up, cuts off any communication. Likewise with Miss Havisham and Satis House, the significance of this is that he has isolated himself from reality and society, living in his dream castle. Dickens uses the seclusion of the castle and the idea that Wemmick wishes neither himself nor Pip to speak of it whilst in the office to build up tension, and create anxiety for the reader. However, inside, Wemmicks castle is a place of love, life and comedy. Dickens uses the imagery of Wemmick stepping into his own little dream world of rightly deserved happiness when hes in his castle. His deserved happiness which Dickens stresses by the hard work that Wemmick puts into the castle, for example, engineering and gardening. Wemmicks castle is presented as though it is part of a magical fairytale by the way Dickens describes its ornamental lake with an island in the middle. Its portrayed as comic, a crazy little box of a cottage, the top of it was cut out and painted like a battery mounted with guns. The life of the castle is emphasised by the way that he describes all the animals that he keeps -pigs, fowls, and rabbits. gggggggggThe pathetic fallacy is used in Chapter 25 to reflect Wemmicks state of mind. Wemmick is portrayed through his ironic, comic castle as being wildly imaginative. Reality seems to have been lost in the castle; however, this brings out the life of the castle, and therefore brings the reader to like Wemmick for his originality. Wemmicks cheerful attitude inside the castle also stresses life of the castle. Wemmicks father, Aged, is portrayed as cheerful and full of life. He describes his sons place as a pretty pleasure-ground and beautiful works. Dickens presents Wemmicks and Ageds relationship as just about the only sign of happiness in the novel: just about the only functional family. The theme explored in Chapter 25 is the love between Wemmick and his father. In this Chapter, love is portrayed unlike it is in the rest of the novel: rather than bringing pain, love is seen to give happiness. Aged is proud of his sons fine place and is described himself as clean, cheerful, comfortable, and well cared for. Dickens stresses the fond bond between them both and their enthusiasm for living life in the castle, away from reality. Dickens uses settings in Great Expectations, such as the marshes and Satis House to create a dark, ominous mood. However, he then uses Wemmicks castle, a delightfully different place to portray a cheerful atmosphere. The different tones that Dickens creates help prepare the reader for the novel as a whole by stressing Pips struggle to reach his Great Expectations.